Name
Ground flares in the decarbonisation of sludge treatment: performance, challenges and compliance under IED
Description
The water sector is undergoing rapid transformation as utilities pursue low-carbon, resource-efficient operations aligned with climate policy and sustainability goals. Within this transition, biogas management has become central to decarbonisation strategies due to methane’s high global warming potential and its prevalence in wastewater and sludge-treatment processes. Effective control and combustion of biogas are therefore critical to minimising emissions and meeting tightening regulatory requirements.
Ground flares are increasingly adopted at sludge-treatment centres for their enclosed design, operational safety, and high destruction efficiency potential under variable gas conditions. However, evolving frameworks such as the revised Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) introduce stricter expectations for methane abatement, emissions monitoring, and compliance with Best Available Techniques (BAT). These changes necessitate a reassessment of performance across biogas utilisation assets.
This work presents a technical evaluation of ground-flare performance under variable biogas compositions and transient operational scenarios. Key challenges include maintaining stable combustion during low calorific value and fluctuating flow conditions, where risks of methane slip and incomplete oxidation increase. Design considerations—including burner configuration, air-fuel mixing, and control systems—are examined.
The findings support improved asset design and operational strategies, enabling utilities to reduce methane emissions, enhance compliance, and advance sector-wide decarbonisation objectives.
Authors
Chrysoula Sfynia, Jacobs, UK
Sofia Georgaki, Sharon Cherono and Amanda Lake
Sofia Georgaki, Sharon Cherono and Amanda Lake